Showing posts with label Cleverness. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cleverness. Show all posts

Thursday, July 15, 2010

Stephen Wolfram discusses “Computation and the Future of the Human Condition”

As found on the Wolfram Blog, Stephen Wolfram provides a transcript of his talk “Computation and the Future of the Human Condition” delivered at the H+ Summit @ Harvard on June 12, 2010. I found it interesting. Unfortunately for me, just as when I read his book A New Kind of Science (NKS), I think I can grasp the general ideas, but I can’t make the intellectual leap necessary to understand how to apply them to solving problems. I think I can see some of the outlines of what may be involved, but the full outline, and the all-important details of implementation remain beyond my reach. Frustrating.

Below is a brief excerpt dealing with ideas he’s discussed at length elsewhere, so it may not be the best choice of an excerpt. On the other hand, it may be good for piquing the curiosity of those without much exposure to Wolfram’s thinking.

[...T]o make a prediction, we have to be able to somehow out-compute the system that we're trying to predict.

Well, for systems like idealized planets orbiting a star, that's always been possible.

We don't have to trace every point in each orbit; we can just have a little computation that jumps immediately to the answer.

In effect, we can computationally reduce the behavior of the system.

But will that always be possible?

The Principle of Computational Equivalence implies that it won't.

And in fact it implies that even among very simple programs in the computational universe, it's common to find computational irreducibility.

The exact sciences have always avoided systems that work like this.

But they're all over the place.

We've always implicitly assumed for our science that we as observers or predictors of systems are much more computationally sophisticated than the systems we're observing or predicting.

But the Principle of Computational Equivalence says that this isn't true.

And that instead we are just equivalent to the systems.

So that we can never expect to outrun them.

And to find out what they do we have no choice but to simulate each step in their behavior, or in effect just to watch how the behavior unfolds.

Friday, June 5, 2009

Grandpa Johnson, the Inventor of Fat-Free Bacon

Bacon lovers in the audience may find the title too good to be true, but fat-free bacon was invented, and it was my grandpa who did it.

I've never found a good excuse for telling this story in writing (though my good friend Jay Lake's occasional bacon references have tempted me), and, as you'll find out soon enough, it deserves a better story teller than I, but since nobody else is ever likely to record these facts, the duty seems to fall to me.

My Grandpa Johnson died when I was three, so I was told, and thus memory provides me not a single recollection of him. But I remember being told at least two things about him. The first was that he wrote a book, and one that was published, no less. Even as a kid that amazed me and made him stand-out from all the other members of my family as the only person who'd ever done anything that really mattered. I mean, a book. He wrote one. Someone published it. He added something very concrete to the sum of human knowledge, for it was a volume of facts, rather than fiction. That has never ceased to impress me. (Had it been fiction, I'd still have been impressed that he'd added something concrete to human culture, but then the rest of this story probably never would have happened.)

The book was Animals in the American Economy by John A. Sims & Leslie E. Johnson. (ISBN 0813802458.) I was told as a kid that the co-author was the man who'd finished the book after grandpa had unexpectedly dropped dead. So, if there was ever a promotional tour, sadly, grandpa missed it, along with any chance of a shot at the best seller list. I am assured that life is not fair, albeit usually by the people who are making it unfair, but this must surely constitute some independent proof of that assertion.

The second thing I was told about Grandpa Johnson was that he'd inventend fat-free bacon.

If it should seem surprising that he, of all the grandpas that the world has ever created, should choose that particular book to write, or that he should be the one to set out to create fat-free bacon, it may be helpful to know that he was Head of Animal Husbandry at South Dakota State College, and, ultimately, Head of the Department of Animal Husbandry at Iowa State College. Because of his latter affiliation, I was dumbstruck many years ago when I searched for him on the Internet and found that he had a web page – dead for 25 years when the Web was invented, but he still had a web page. Neat trick. For a man who could pull that off, presumably a book was no problem. Fat-free bacon was another story, however.

The invention of fat-free bacon was handed-down in family legend, and if the legend was ever rich in detail, those details didn't manage to penetrate my young skull. Nonetheless, I choose to believe in the invention, (1) because it's a good story, and (2) because his resumé says he was just the man for the job. Which is to say that he was a man with both the means and the inclination to breed swine. And none of that "let's just mate a few pigs to get a few more" sort of swine breeding, but controlled breeding, with the resources of a state college at his disposal. Which state college that was, will have to remain a matter for historians.

Historians aside, I was assured by family legend that grandpa bred generation after generation of swine in his determined quest for the culinary holy grail of fat-free bacon. And after years of breeding just the right sow and whatever-they-call-a-male-pig, his program of old-school genetic engineering was at last a success. He had one of the resulting pigs slaughtered and the hog belly cured. Once that was done, he presumably went home proudly to present the slab of bacon to his good wife for cutting and cooking. The family gathered—surely this is the sort of thing for which families cannot help but gather—and, I imagine, sat anxiously around the dinner table listening to it cook, and hungering for the first taste of the bacon to which human civilization had been leading. Soon, I expect, a plate of the sizzling miracle meat was placed before them on the dinner table and quickly portioned-out to everyone.

And that's pretty much where this combination of speculation and family legend ends. For, by all accounts, the bacon was terrible; unpleasantly dry for a start, and I recall nothing good being said about the flavor.*

A technical success, but a practical failure, the bacon project was abandoned there and then, I was told. And so it was that that thread in the weave of the 13,000 year history of the pig was abruptly cut, and its dangling end vanished into the mists of time. Until now.

Know ye, History, that Leslie Eckroat Johnson invented fat-free bacon, and tremble.


* How this bacon differed from back bacon, which is naturally relatively low in fat, yet tasty, I do not know. Perhaps it was the difference between being "low in fat" and truly "fat free" that was crucial.

Friday, June 6, 2008

One-Wheeled Vehicles

As anyone who knows me is aware, I'm no fan of motor vehicles. I believe that anyone who is experiencing "driving excitement" is doing it wrong. I modestly propose that the most effective automotive safety device would be a large spike mounted in the center of the steering wheel, facing the driver. While the utility of automobiles in rural areas is unquestionable, so too, I am convinced, is their ruinous effect on urban areas.

Nonetheless, I still have to pause to earnestly admire the work of Charles F. Taylor, the man who thought that the right number of wheels for a motor vehicle was exactly one. (My thanks to Jay Lake for bringing this link to my attention.) Thinking different is one thing, of course. Building one's ideas is quite another. But Mr. Taylor was up to the challenge.

Wow. Well done. I have no idea if there's any potential for a practical vehicle in his work, but I still have to admire it.

Having realized a few odd ideas of my own with, at best, mixed results, I can't help but wonder how Mr. Taylor felt about having hatched and realized such a remarkable idea, only to find that the world pretty much couldn't care less.

Mister, that's gotta hurt, but let me shake your hand. First round's on me.

Wednesday, December 19, 2007

Wish I'd Thought of That

The Ultimate Present. Although, sooner or later, I think my neighbors, and even local law enforcement, would have objected to the detonations.